How did Wudi Encourage Learning

Here is part of my study guide for the midterm I had on this subject 2 years ago: THE BEGINNING Nomad: People who move from place to place without settling, hunting and gathering food Cultural Diffusion: Spread of ideas from one place to another Neolithic: Age after Old Stone Age when animals were domesticated and people learned to plant instead of hunt, leading to development of settlements Technology: Tools developed to meet needs of people Polytheistic: Belief in many Gods Pharaoh: King of Egypt, thought to be a God, mummified after death for next person in dynasty to take over Fertile Crescent: Area of fertile land in Mesopotamia due to water from Tigris and Euphrates Rivers --- Conquered by Assyrians at one point after the Sumerians, then later Persians under Darius Cuneiform: Early writing system developed in Sumer (press pen-like instrument into clay) Empire: Group of territories ruled by one person Middle Kingdom: Name for China, since it believed its culture to be very important (center of Earth), being very isolated from others Dynasty: Ruling family INDIA Indus River Valley: -Key cities = Harappa + Mohenjo Daro -Monsoons (wind + rain) helped crops -Impressive cities with sewers and cities organized in a grid pattern -Conquered by Aryans --- Aryans spoken on in Vedas as being brave warriors Maurya Dynasty: Ruled by Chandragupta Maurya who gained power by conquering other areas, harsh ruler who used secret police to be informed on crime Bureaucracy: Gov’t used by Maurya that had departments with officials to do specific tasks, such as collecting taxes Asoka: Son of Chandragupta who switched to Buddhism and led nation to peace, spreading Buddhism to other areas Gupta Dynasty: Strong civilization helping unify and lead India to peace Pataliputra: Originally Mauryan capital on Ganges River, now site of court for Gupta rulers Untouchables: Lowest caste in India, people who do disgusting jobs, not to be touched, dirty Joint Family: Large family, mainly wealth families in villages Patriarchal: Male-dominated family in India, women with fewer rights, oldest male has highest power Decimal System: System used today based on #10, also developed 0 Arabic Numerals: Developed system of numbers we use (2)day Stupa: Hollow, dome shaped shrines for the dead, developed by Buddhists --- Indians also developed vaccines before Europe, and most famous playwright = Kalidasa, for Shakuntala (King marries orphan, evil spell, forgets her, gets over it, happy) -Sepoy Rebellion = troops of India who are part of British company revolt for rights, employed by the British East India Company -Armitsar Crisis = Rebellion by Indians against Brits for not giving promised rights for Indian support in WWII -Jawarlahal Nehru= First Prime Minister India, celebrated independence -Civil Disobedience = Idea of Ghandi, don’t fight, just don’t give up, use nonviolence, like boycotting, to show them they’re wrong -Satis/Jauhar = burn yourself if husband dies -Parikrama (go around pyre before burn yourself alive) -Panchayat (Council of 5 elders) -Rajasthan = old style, conservative area, originally ruled by Rajput princes, but then declined, people poor, uneducated, fool of blood feuds -Dalit = Untouchables (Children of God according to Ghandi) -73rd Amendment (Panchayat Act) = Women can be in Panchayat, and Panchayat now elected CHINA -Yellow (Huang He River) -Isolated, Middle Kingdom -Nature spirits + yin/yang -Gov’t = Dynasties Mandate of Heaven: God given right to rule, developed by Zhou Feudalism: Land controlled by Kings, given to lords Qin: Dynasty after Zhou ruled by Shi Huangdi that created Great Wall Han Dynasty: Dynasty after Qin that experienced a Golden age, Liu Bang, peasant, first takes power, then Wudi who created civil service exams, based on principles of Confucianism Han Dynasty: Wudi: Most famous ruler during Han dynasty, efficient gov’t created, trade encouraged, expansion Monopoly: Complete control of a product or business by one person or group; Wudi created monopoly on items like iron and salt) Silk Road: Route from China to Mediterranean for trade Tang Dynasty: First dynasty to take over China after collapse of Han Dynasty; Revolutions and corruption led to collapse of Tang Dynasty; first ruler = Tang Taizong who came to power as a general Tributary State: States, like Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan, which were deemed independent but had to recognize China’s power and give regular payment to China Song Dynasty: Dynasty that took over after Tang; Prosperous Dynasty that eventually collapsed when invaded by Mongols --- Japan adopts a lot of culture from China and blends with its own Gentry: Highest social ranking; nobles owning land that learned Confucian values and tried to obtain gov’t positions --- Below = Peasants (physical labor), then Merchants (profit off others), women lower than men Calligraphy: Fine handwriting system dev